These findings are consistent with GHK-Cus proposed role as a gene-regulatory peptide, not simply a collagen precursor or antioxidant supplement
The wide range reflects variability in absorption, individual antioxidant burden, and metabolic demands across different patient populations
For this experiment, the aim is to do concave maximisation, which is simply to search for the optimum Vmax, that can be assumed relevant to the in vitro enzyme level, for the maximum glutathione production
Moreover, although GSH can cross OMM, its transport into mitochondrial matrix cannot be explained by simple diffusion
As an antioxidant, GHK-Cu can neutralize free radicals, which cause oxidative damage to the cells
Sulfhydryl-containing substances like N-A-C, cysteine, glutathione and alpha-lipoic acid are referred to as reducing agents