This typically involves: Intrinsic factor antibodies (highly specific for pernicious anaemia, though sensitivity is only 50%) [12] [28] Gastric parietal cell antibodies (more sensitive but less specific) Coeliac serology if malabsorption is suspected Consideration of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in selected cases, particularly with autoimmune gastritis/pernicious anaemia NICE guidance emphasises that treatment should not be delayed whilst awaiting antibody results if clinical features strongly suggest deficiency, as irreversible neurological damage can occur
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Found naturally in meat, poultry, eggs and milk, Vitamin B12 is also a key component of many oral vitamin supplements, aimed at increasing energy levels
Sharps Container: Sharps containers can be used for disposing of excess syringes and needles
On the other hand, excess vitamin B12 is expelled through urine, so there is little need to feel uneasy about injecting too much B12
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