Summary: IGF-1 production declines with age
Studies in IBD models show KPV reduces secretion of TNF-, IL-1, and IL-6 from both intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages.13 It also appears to modulate MAPK signaling specifically the ERK/p38 axis which regulates cell stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory gene expression.4 What KPV Does Not Do It does not suppress the immune system broadly
Sannino, D, Dobson, A, Edwards, K, Angert, E, Buchon, N
Clinical data supports its efficacy for: depression (comparable to some antidepressants in RCTs), osteoarthritis, liver disease (non-alcoholic fatty liver), and homocysteine-related conditions
ES: Writing original draft, Writing review and editing, Funding acquisition, Conceptualization, Data curation
a focus on anti-aging and longevity (seen in NMN and magnesium bisglycinate searches), and a growing concern for digestive health and detoxification (highlighted by the popularity of parasite cleanse products)