In mouse models, copper deficiency impairs cardiac function, manifesting as reduced diastolic and systolic performance alongside a diminished inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation, which compromises the heart's ability to adapt to stress [206]
The intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of living cells is relatively constant during the culture, while impaired cells lead to LDH leakage to the culture medium ( 2 O 2 , either in the presence or absence of peptides, was determined by using the spectrophotometric method
Therapeutic strategies that correct specific imbalanceswhether through chelation in overload or supplementation in deficiencyhold significant promise for mitigating HF progression
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