However, the administered NA dose was based on efficiency in hypercholesterolemia studies, therefore, an optimal NA dose for mitochondrial myopathy has to be determined, especially considering that another study found an association between metabolites of excess NA, 2PY, and 4PY, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) 245
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*Correspondence: Ying Cai, [email protected] Tan, [email protected] Disclaimer All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers
[PubMed ID: 12236620]
The Regulatory Reality: What Every Endurance Athlete Must Know The current regulatory state of play, as of early 2026: Collagen peptides are classified as food supplements in most jurisdictions, are not prohibited by WADA, and carry minimal regulatory risk for competitive athletes
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